LAT 104
Elementary Latin
Lesson 1
- Text: Stage 1. Caecilius
the story and background
listening
model sentences
a small difference between English and Latin
reading and writing assignment
language note and vocabulary review
writing assignment
background material
- Text: Stage 2. in villa
model sentences
reading and writing assignments
language note
self-test
reading and writing assignment
background material
self-test
vocabulary review
self-check
writing assignment
- Lesson 1 Answer Sheets
Text
Stage 1. Caecilius
Stage 2. in villa
Stage 1
the story and background
In the course of Stages 1 and 2, you will meet Caecilius, his family, and members of his household. You will read about their home and its location in Pompeii.
The picture on Stage 1, page 1, is of the bronze bust found in the house, which is perhaps of Caecilius but is more likely of his father or another ancestor.
listening
The CDs you have do not cover anything from Units 1 and 2, but I encourage you to listen to all that are available, as they will provide a guide for the passages that you are to record on tape later on and submit along with your written work. Ideally, you will read an assigned story, listen to it on CD, and then reread it aloud to yourself. At this point, you will be in excellent shape to tackle the questions on the Answer Sheets.
model sentences
Read pages 2-6 in CLC aloud after listening to the CD. Reading in the ancient world meant reading aloud, and you will need to practice this. The long mark above a vowel lengthens the vowel but does not change the quality of the sound, as for instance English does in a short "a" in "pat," and a long "a" in "late." In Latin, "c" is always pronounced as a "k", and "v" as a "w." In addition, "g" is always hard, as in "gun."
a small difference between English and Latin
Only proper names are capitalized, but this is just to help the modern reader. Romans did not distinguish between upper- and lower-case letters. That is why sentences do not begin with an upper-case letter.
As you read, let the pictures help you with meaning. Try not to refer to the vocabulary (which happens to be on p. 7), but simply take the meaning from the picture captions. Many items in the pictures will be explained later, but notice some of the details as you go by. For instance, although both Quintus and Clemens are in tunics, the tunics are different. It is easy to work out why. Considering what Caecilius is doing in tablino (p. 3), it is easy to figure out not only what the meaning of in tablino is but also what the cylindrical objects are on the right of the top picture. in triclinio on page 3 must mean ________, because of the presence of the food, but Quintus, the filius, is not sitting as we would expect to be doing in triclinio. While Metella sits (sedet, p. 5), she is occupied with what is on the table in front of her and at her feet. Women, rich and poor, spent much of their time doing this in the ancient world.
Each servus on page 6 is working in different areas of the house. Which one is Clemens? Grumio? Do you know English derivatives from culina and dormit?
The sentences on pages 2–6 are the model sentences for Stage 1. Each Stage will start with model sentences, and the more closely you read them, aloud, and the more frequently you read them, the more you will learn about the story, vocabulary, and grammar in the Stage. Remembering words in context will make vocabulary much simpler to learn.
reading and writing assignment
-
Exercise 1
Read the story Cerberus, page 7, and listen to the CD. Then answer questions for exercise 1 on the Answer Sheets provided at the end of this lesson.
Reminder: Complete exercise 1 directly on the Answer Sheets, and submit it with the rest of the materials for lesson 1.
language note and vocabulary review
Read page 8 and the two short
exercises on page 9. In this Stage, each verb has ended in the letter
______.
Make sure you know the words
on page 18. You should have already studied the vocabulary accompanying the story "Cerberus."
writing assignment
-
Exercise 2
Work the crossword puzzle provided in the Answer Sheets at the end of this lesson.
Reminder: Fill in the crossword puzzle directly on the Answer Sheets, and submit it with the rest of the materials for Lesson 1.
background material
Read pages 10–16, and pay particular attention to the pictures. Additional note for page 10: One of the ways that a person might tell if another man was a Roman citizen was if he had three names. These names are
| praenomen | Lucius |
|---|---|
| nomen | Caecilius |
| cognomen | Iucundus |
(By the way, the initial "I"
of Iucundus is pronounced like a "Y".)
So the word nomen obviously means _________.
A daughter would tend to have one
name, the feminine form of her father's nomen. So
if Caecilius had had a daughter, her name would have been Caecilia,
and Metella's father's nomen would have been ___________.
Gaius Julius Caesar's daughter would automatically be called ____________.
Stage 2
Before you read the model sentences in Stage 2, look at the picture on page 19. What room is it?
model sentences
Read the model sentences on pages 20–23 and listen to the CD. Linger over them, and try to deduce meanings from the pictures. (Hints: amicus means "friend." An English derivative would be __________. Page 23:15 cibus est paratus. Remember Cerberus, p. 7: cibus est in mensa. Motto of the boy scouts: semper paratus, which means ____________. If laudat means "praise," an English derivative would be _____________.)
As you have been reading the sentences, you should have noticed some of the words changing slightly in form. List five of these words for yourself in both forms. Each time a word has changed, the last letter has become an ______.
reading and writing assignments
-
Exercise 3
Read mercator, page 24, aloud. You will see a series of pictures illustrating this story, but the pictures are out of order. On the Answer Sheets for this exercise found at the end of this lesson, please number the pictures in the correct sequence.
- Exercise 4
Read in triclinio, page 25, and listen to the CD. Then, answer the questions on the Answer Sheets provided at the end of this lesson.
Reminder: Complete exercises 3 and 4 directly on the Answer Sheets, and submit them with the rest of the materials for Lesson 1.
language note
Study page 26, which explains the differences you saw in the model sentences and which you may have noticed in the subsequent stories; that is, the difference between the nominative and accusative cases.
By the way, whatever performs the action in a sentence is the ________ of the sentence. Can you make a general statement about the differences in word order between English and Latin? For instance, in Latin, the verb tends to come ____________.
self-test
Practice the exercises on page 27. (Check the answer key in the Appendix to this study guide.) You should be able to do these without referring to vocabulary lists. If you cannot, do two things: a) read the model sentences and the stories again and b) make individual vocabulary cards for yourself, with the Latin word that is giving you trouble on one side, and the meaning on the other. Drill yourself on these words.
reading and writing assignment
-
Exercise 5
Translate into English the material on page 28 on separate paper. The names for Clemens and Grumio occur in the nominative and accusative forms.
Nominative Grumio Clemens Accusative Grumionem Clementem
In English, we only use one form for a person's name, the nominative, so in your translation here, and later, you will need to use only the nominative form. It would be an error to use the accusative form in English.
Reminder: Include your translation as part of the materials you submit for Lesson 1.
background material
Read pages 30–32, and review all the pictures in Stages 1 and 2. Additional note: the Latin words for breakfast, lunch, and dinner are ientaculum, prandium, and cena.
self-test (not to be submitted for grading)
- What would the inside walls
of a Pompeian house look like?
- The floors shown on pages
16, 19, and 33 are covered in _________. (Be more specific than "marble.")
- Neapolis (a Greek word meaning
"new city") in English is __________.
- On page 14, there is a hole in the roof called the ________, and on the floor
is a pool, the ____________.
- On page 20, the first picture on the left, beneath the amicus
portrait, shows a small edifice tucked in a corner. This same little object
is shown behind the left-hand picture of Cerberus on page 21. (See p. 14,
if necessary.) What is it?
- Can you describe a peristylium? a triclinium?
an atrium? a tablinum?
- Do you know the kinds of things Caecilius and his family would have eaten, and the approximate time they would have eaten their meals?
vocabulary review
Before leaving these Stages, you should be very familiar with the vocabulary on pages 18 and 34. Use the "Word Study" exercises to help you. Read the model sentences again.
self-check
At the end of Stages 1 and 2, could you do the following?
- Introduce the characters
in these chapters to someone else, and describe each one.
- Give the meanings of, for example, bibit, mater, dormit,
in tablino, surgit, latrat, in culina, and quoque.
- Give the Latin for sits,
father, in the street, son, friend, and enters.
- Identify the following words as nominative or accusative case: canem, Metella, mercatorem, servus, cibum, and Clementem.
writing assignment
- Exercise 6
Without referring to your text, complete the summary quiz found at the end of your answer sheets.
Reminder: Complete this exercise directly on the Answer Sheets, and submit it with the rest of the materials for Lesson 1.
Lesson 1. Answer Sheets
After completing exercises 1–6 directly on these answer sheets (with the exception of exercise 5, which must be done on separate paper), detach these sheets from your study guide, and submit all 6 exercises to be graded. Be sure to use an Independent Study cover sheet when submitting this assignment.
Model Sentences (CLC, pp. 2–6) and Cerberus (CLC, p. 7). Fill in the blanks below. (10 points total)
- Where was Caecilius in the model sentences? Give the two Latin words. (1 pt.)
Where is he in Cerberus? (English): _______________________ (1 pt.)
Give the name of the person who was in horto in the model sentences? (1 pt.)
- Give the two action verbs (in Latin) that have been used with Quintus through page 7. (2 pts.)
- Cerberus in this story is a very normal dog. He also, however, does something that shows he is not a very intelligent one. Give the two words in the story (in Latin) that prove this. (1 pt.)
- If Grumio surgit, write in Latin what it is likely he was doing before he did this. (1 pt.)
- Give an English derivative from clamat: ______________, and stat: ____________. (2 pts.) (Note: A derivative is not an English translation of the Latin word. Rather, it is an English word derived from the Latin source word.)
- The opposite of exit, given in this passage is ____________. (1 pt.)
Work the following crossword puzzle. (6 points)
TRANSITE
A1 Clemens in horto —.
A11 Cerberus is one: first three letters
D6 Caecilius in tablino —.
F6 canis in — dormit.
F10 Caecilius est —.
G6 Preposition
H1 Cerberus est —.
I6 Grumio est —.
J1 Anger (first three of "angry")
J11 Quintus — filius.
K4 First three letters of "drinks"
L8 Metella est —.
M3 cibus est in —.
N8 On the street: in —
N12 Metella — in atrio.
DESCENDITE
1A Cerberus makes this noise
1M Quintus est — tablino.
2H In the main hall: in —
3A Quintus in triclinio —.
4F Goes out
6F II + IV = —
6I — est in mensa.
7A ubi Quintus bibit?: in —.
9H "Scoundrel": first syllable
11A ubi Grumio laborat?: in —
11I Metella in atrio —.
14D Cerberus in via —.
14K canis in mensa —.
Looking at the pictures earlier in this study guide that illustrate the mercator story (CLC, p. 24), write the numbers of the pictures in the correct order. (For example, if your list runs 5, 3, 9, 7 . . ., then that means you think picture #5 opens the story, followed in sequence by #3, and so on.) (5 pts.)
Answer these questions on in triclinio (CLC, p. 25) in English, unless otherwise specified. This applies to all exercises in the course. (9 points total)
- Substitute a word for pavonem in the first line that would make sense. The word occurs on page 23. Make sure the form you choose ends in the same letter as pavonem does. Give the word in Latin. (1 pt.)
- How do Caecilius and his amicus, the mercator, react to the dinner? (English) (1 pt.)
- What entertainment does Caecilius provide for his guest? (1 pt.)
- After the entertainment, each man ________________ (1 pt.). At this point, the story parallels an earlier story, but now _______________ (1 pt.) takes the place of _______________ (1 pt.). Each character intrat et circumspectat, but in this story, the character is more intelligent, and therefore Caecilius still (Latin word) _______________. (1 pt.). Perhaps he or his friend even (Latin) ________________ (1 pt.), as the person had done in the earlier tale, until he was interrupted. Unlike the earlier story, this one has a happy ending. Grumio est laetissimus, whereas previously he had been ____________ (Latin). (1 pt.)
Exercise 5
Translate the material on page 28 of CLC on separate paper. (15 points)
Summary Quiz: Follow the directions for each section (25 points total).
If you can complete this quiz without reference to CLC, you will have mastered much of the vocabulary in Stages 1 and 2, and the difference in the use and appearance of the nominative and accusative cases.
- Give the meaning of the words below. (4 pts.)
recumbit _______________
quoque _______________
delectat _______________
surgit _______________
- Circle the word that best completes each sentence. (5 pts.)
1. Caecilius cibum consumit et mox (exit, dormit).
2. Grumio in triclinio cenat et est (iratus, laetus).
3. mercator canem (salutat, consumit).
4. dominus ancillam (scribit, laudat).
5. servus vinum (laborat, portat).
- Circle the word that completes the sentence correctly. You are deciding here between the nominative and accusative cases. You have learned that the accusative ends in the letter _________. (1 pt.)
1. servus in atrio (mercator, mercatorem) salutat.
2. Quintus est (filius, filium).
3. amicus (cena, cenam) exspectat.
4. coquus in culina est (anxius, anxium).
5. (Caecilius, Caecilium) cibum in mensa videt. (5 pts.)
Check numbers 2 and 4 again. Say the model sentences for Stage 1 to yourself; e.g., Caecilius est . . . Metella est . . .
- Rewrite the following sentences, and replace the italicized proper nouns by a noun that indicates the individual's position in Caecilius' house. Remember to put the replacement word in the same case (nominative or accusative) as the italicized word. (5 pts.)
1. Grumio in culina cantat. _______________
2. dominus Grumionem vituperat. _______________
3. Caecilius amicum salutat. _________________
4. Metella pavonem gustat. _________________
5. ancilla Caecilium delectat. _________________
- Circle the correct form for the items below. (5 pts.)
quis - who
quem - whom
quid - what
| 1. | quid amicus videt? | canis, canem |
| 2. | quem Metella audit? | amicus, amicum |
| 3. | quis est pater? | Caecilium, Caecilius |
| 4. | quid mercator numerat? | pecunia, pecuniam |
| 5. | quis latrat? | Cerberum, Cerberus |
Total points possible for Assignment 1: 70